Coal seam mining fault activation modeling. Faults, as a weak surface in the rock, under the additional stress of underground mining, have three main aspects in their activation process, as shown ...

4.2.2 Transportation and Deposition. Transportation mechanisms in sorting the detrital sediment load as well as the sedimentation environments and depositional mechanisms where the interrelationships among dissolved oxygen, benthic organisms, sedimentary structures, colour and organic and pyrite content play a fundamental role as they impart properties to the …

Pick consumption can be reduced if machine is operated with respect to rock and rock mass properties. 7. Conclusions Surface miner, a mechanical rock cutter, has wide application in open cast mining in rocks and minerals of soft to medium hardness, though it can be operated in harder formation with lower efficiency.

The progress of soft rock mechanics and associated technology in China is basically accompanied by the development of mining engineering and the increasing disasters of large rock deformation ...

Supporting coal mine roadway within soft rocks is a typical challenge in underground mining practices. As the most widely used support structure, rock bolt system has been successfully used to support coal mine roadways in various complex geological and geotechnical conditions, including roadway in extremely weak rock masses, roadways 1000 m …

In order to control the strong ageing creep and large deformation of deep soft rock roadway effectively, with the 61–71 track on the uphill of the mining area in Suzhou, Anhui as the research background, the triaxial creep test of mudstone was conducted using the TYJ-1500 M rock mechanics testing system. The creep deformation and failure characteristics of …

This paper investigates a combined support methodology aiming at increasing the stability and safety of soft-rock roadways in the Zhongguan iron mine in China via analysis of …

The 260 SX(i) Is the first model of a new machine category at Wirtgen. Whether for routing operations for railroad projects, pipeline laying, or the construction of roads, tunnels, harbors, or water retention basins – cross application miners like the 260 SX(i) are the ideal choice for a multifaceted spectrum of applications and can powerfully, economically and …

Determining the rock mechanics characteristics and strength is crucial in the effective design of tunnels, particularly in challenging conditions such as squeezing stratum.

Typical large-deformation phenomena of soft rock occurred frequently during the tunneling process in Huangjiazhai Tunnel, Hubei Province, China, including extrusion at the tunnel wall and severe ...

Numerous experiments have shown that bulk nanobubble suspensions are often characterized by a high magnitude of zeta potential. However, the underlying physical mechanism of how the bulk nanobubbles can stably exist has remained unclear so far. In this paper, based on theoretical analysis, we report a stabil

Rock masses have inherently different resistance to fragmentation by blasting. This property is hereafter referred to as the blastability of a rock mass.

Sedimentary rocks form through the gradual accumulation and compression of sediments over long periods of time. This results in rocks with a loose, porous structure that is relatively weak compared to denser igneous or …

In the blasting operation, risk of facing with undesirable environmental phenomena such as ground vibration, air blast, and flyrock is very high. Blasting pattern should properly be designed to achieve better fragmentation to guarantee the successfulness of the process. A good fragmentation means that the explosive energy has been applied in a right direction. However, …

Wirtgen's 220 SM 3.8/220 SMi 3.8 surface miner selectively mines raw materials up to a cutting depth of 350 mm and a uniaxial compressive strength of 35 MPa. Maximum Performance in …

To improve the loading efficiency and reduce energy consumption of a continuous miner in soft rock roadway, a seven-arm star wheel designed with Gaussian fitting method was proposed, and a coal loading model of the continuous miner star wheel loading mechanism was reconstructed with EDEM software. The loading capacity of the seven-arm star wheel and the …

the strategic arrangement of grouted rock bolts and cable bolts. The application of the high pretensioned high-pressure splitting grouted bolting collaborative control technology in a typical kilometer-deep soft rock mine in China—the soft coal seam and soft rock roadway in the Kouzidong coal mine, Huainan coal mining area, was introduced.

This Paper presents the development of an artificial material which can effectively simulate the behaviour of an array of weak, sedimentary rocks. This synthetic soft rock was constituted with gypsum cement, fine sand and water, and characterized with homogeneous and isotropic properties with insignificant variability from one batch to another.

The deformation and damage of soft rock roadways in karst mountainous area is serious, which greatly restricts the safe and efficient mining of coal resources. To explore the instability mechanism of soft rock roadway under the influence of mining, the 226 rail cross-cut of Shanjiaoshu Coal Mine in China was taken as an engineering background. The methods of …

Surface miner, a mechanical rock cutter, has wide application in open cast mining in rocks and minerals of soft to medium hardness, though it can be operated in …

Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rock material is very important parameter for rock engineering applications such as rock mass classification, numerical modelling bearing capacity, mechanical excavation, slope stability and supporting with respect to the engineering behaviors' of rock. UCS is obtained directly or can be predicted by different methods including …

rock, in geology, naturally occurring and coherent aggregate of one or more minerals. Such aggregates constitute the basic unit of which the solid Earth is composed and typically form recognizable and mappable volumes. Rocks are commonly divided into three major classes according to the processes that resulted in their formation. These classes are (1) …

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of slope failures has brought the issue of slope problems to the forefront of widespread public concern, which significantly impedes progress toward the secure and sustainable development of open-pit mines. And, high and steep slopes of weak rock strata, being a more complex type of slope, pose a greater potential for …

In this work, rock samples were collected from Block-IX of the Thar Coalfield. Figure 2 shows the geological location of collected rock samples. A total of 132 different soft sedimentary rock samples were tested in the laboratory for strength properties such as UCS, BTS, and E, and physical properties like ρ ѡet and ρ d at the Department of Mining Engineering, Mehran …

Surface miner ensures layer-by-layer cutting and crushing of power-grade coal simultaneously in opencast mines. This technology is proven efficient, environment-friendly and economical in Indian ...

The roadway of S2S2 fully mechanized caving face (FMCF) in Xiaokang Coal Mine is one of the most typical deep-buried soft-rock roadways in China and had been repaired several times.

MineScape Surface Engineering is a cutting-edge suite crafted for open-cut mining endeavors in coal and metalliferous deposits.

Cross Application Miners are characterised by their suitability for a wide range of applications. For example, they are used on demanding infrastructure projects, for cutting road and rail routes, lowering tunnel floors and in the construction of harbours or water retention basins. Cutting drums are available for the mining of hard or soft rock.

exploiting the advantages of WIRTGEN Surface Miner technology with its extremely precise control of the cutting depth to extract high-quality mined material (ROM) in coal mines, …

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the production rate (PR) and cutting performance of surface miners (SM) based on rock properties and specific energy (SE). We use data from equipment manufacturers and experimental data in this study and propose a new method and equations to determine both the PR and the cutting speed of SM. The unconfined …

To improve the loading efficiency and reduce energy consumption of a continuous miner in soft rock roadway, a seven-arm star wheel designed with Gaussian fitting method was proposed, and a coal ...

Rock engineering tasks like tunnelling, dam and building construction, and rock slope stability rely heavily on properly estimating the rock's uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), a crucial rock geomechanical characteristic. As high-quality specimen are not always possible, scientists often estimate UCS indirectly. The primary objective of this paper is to assess the …

With an annual production capacity of up to 12 million tons in soft rock, the miner is ideally suited for large-scale open-cast mining. The operator's cabin features windows on all sides and is heatable, air-conditioned, soundproofed …

33. America, "Sister Golden Hair" (1975) Produced by George Martin, "Sister Golden Hair" was the second song by America to reach No. 1 (debut single "A Horse With No Name" was the first). Writer ...

Longwall mining is currently the safest and most effective method for soft rock deposits, especially coal. Unlike room and pillar, which has a typical extraction range of 40–60% depending mainly on

Zhou et al. [4] conducted an experimental study on the saturated water of red-bed soft rock under still water conditions, and it was pointed out that the main reason for the decrease of physical ...